Research and Analysis of Business Problems Paper

Also, Analysis of Business Problems - Research Paper Example Kellogg delighted in higher development rate from 2007 to 2009 and after that it had very consistent development rate till 2011. Then again, General Mills had very unstable income development since income diminished from 2008 to 2010 and again expanded in 2011. From the above table it very well may be said that, General Mills had higher income than Kellogg every one of the most recent five years. Latest individual choice that I have made is work inclination. I have created work inclination for best reasonable occupation for me subsequent to finishing my examination. As an understudy of business the board, I would have different openings for work in various territories of corporate part. Most reasonable alternatives that are under my degree of fitness and information are learner business examiner, key advertising investigator and business improvement official. These are the three elective profession fields for my future from quantities of significant zones. Business examination is most wide region among these three. It includes definite investigation of all territories of a professional promoting, money, activities, labor the board and so on. In this manner, every one of the four significant territories of business the executives study and I can assess my center quality are from these four significant regions and can picked that as significant region in future. Second occupation inclination is key showcasing investigation which includes advancement of advertising anticipating new item and administration and furthermore overhauling of existing promoting plans. This would assist me with implementing my promoting information and create showcasing as a significant zone of my future profession. Third opening for work is business advancement official which includes creating deals for the organization by selling item and administrations offered by the organization. This territory covers associations everything being equal and industry. It is v ery extreme at student or fresher level until some customer base is created. Hence, a large portion of organizations request experienced competitors. From the most

My area †Earls Court a very weird and different area Free Essays

string(73) house into my nursery I still don’t know how she got up there. Barons Court an extremely unusual and diverse zone. In any case, that isn't the assessment of the individuals living there that’s simply my supposition. Barons Court is an alternate territory; I like to consider it a little town not simply some region in the core of Kensington. We will compose a custom article test on My zone †Earls Court an abnormal and diverse territory or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The roads are constantly canvassed in old fresh bundles and utilized condoms and there consistently is by all accounts puddles of water or some fluid that never appear to evaporate. Behind my home is a private nursery which, on a cold winter’s morning is as hazy as the pinnacle of Mount Everest and the Scottish Highlands set up. This nursery is controlled by a Garden Committee which is going up by a lady who changes her hair shading each and every week, for instance a week ago the woman’s hair was dark and this week it is about as red as Manchester United’s football shirt. In this nursery there is a tennis court which is set up throughout the late spring and the remainder of the year the shafts on which the nets hang are utilized without anyone else and around ten different mates as football posts. Anyway the lady with the consistently changing hair shading consistently appears to see us and come out and appropriate the ball despite the fact that her home is about from the school to Shepherds Bush cylinder station. The guidelines for this nursery are amazingly, I can’t think about the word, hold tight, ah indeed, STUPID. You are not permitted to play football, play music, play and instrument, ride your bicycles or any kind of game that can harm the plants. It should be an outside jail. Around 2 minutes stroll from my home is a mammoth Tesco superstore; it professes to sell everything except for the difficulty is you can never discover everything since they continue changing where everything is so I’ll likely can't be sure whether they do sell everything. I recall about a month back now, me and my mate Gav were in Tesco’s and I needed to utilize the can so I instructed him to stand by first floor. As I returned the steps my cap tumbled off to the cold earth floor beneath; I ran down the steps just to discover my cap had vanished and Gav standing where it had arrived with an abhorrent little smile all over. At that point a Jamaican security monitor came up to us and stated, † What are you doing†, and I since I didn’t need to get in a tough situation said in an irate and genuine voice, † Gav man, where the hellfire did you put my cap? , the security monitor advised Gav to get my cap from where he had concealed it; among the crates of wine. He offered it to me and we were going to push away without getting into an excessive amount of difficulty when Gav, being the inept imbecile that he is, tragically burst into an attack of giggling when the watchman had quite recently dismissed; not when he was too far to hear but rather when he had quite recently turned his back so the gatekeeper heard, pivoted, called his associate and truly and I underscore the truly, tossed us out of the store onto the asphalt; where Gav and I continued to ignore our heads. Be that as it may, maybe the most conspicuous structure in my general vicinity is the workplace complex; practically around the bend from my home; down a side street; which runs past a Gospel church. In this complex there is around 6 or 7 cameras 2 of which ignore the door going in. On a dim and calm Saturday night if there is nothing else to do; what me and my mates like doing is attempting to get into the complex without being spotted by the 20 or so security watches simply inside the primary passageway. Once I challenged a kid called Adam to run in and contact the sign that is around 10 meters before the front entryway. There were around five of us including Adam; he ran past the door, past the cameras, contacted the sign, and ran back. At this point the entirety of the gatekeepers were up out of their seats and running out of the entryway; I was the last one to see; Adam runs by me shouting like a young lady and everybody is running, I hadn’t saw what was going on and when I pivoted from my concealing spot around 15 meters from the door; around four of the watchmen were getting through the door, I stood up and began running like a cheetah pursuing a zebra. At the point when I went to the fork I went right while every other person had gone out, I heard one of gatekeepers state, â€Å"You parcel go left while we go right, we’re going to get these kids†, I however, Christ their going to get me; I wouldn’t have been so stressed on the off chance that they weren’t hefting holsters around which could have contained a weapon. I ran between and over the left vehicles and over a divider about a meter or two high and covered up. I held up until they had surrendered and afterward I rose up out of the shadow of the cross, triumphant in the way that I had given prepared security monitors the slip. As I referenced before I there is Gospel church close to my home which has a splendid green tower and on a Sunday morning and Wednesday evening it is completely overflowing with music and singing. Yet, the awful thing about this is the entirety of the vehicles of the congregation goers obstruct parking area; the main spot that we are permitted to play football. Yet, there are other additionally fascinating things about my territory like the way that a lady fell of the top of my home into my nursery I still don’t know how she got up there. You read My zone †Earls Court an extremely unusual and diverse territory in class Papers Also around three weeks back a total nutter of a man was on the top of a bequest waving and shooting a rifle. The entirety of the encompassing streets were shut down off and equipped police and for reasons unknown there was revolt police there also. No one was harmed with the exception of the person discharging the weapon who shot himself in the leg before being captured. When I was riding my bicycle to my mate’s house and a small, minimal gay man held up traffic intentionally despite the fact that he had around a 10 second deferral before I was close to enough to hurt him; he ventured out and afterward said in a noisy little voice â€Å"Watch where your going you moronic little s**t†, I hollered back at him a few obscenities that I can't specify here. Around my territory there is a ton of exiles who circumvent approaching individuals for cash. When I was strolling to class when around five of them came up to me and requested that I give them i10; I just took a gander at them and stated, â€Å"You got the chance to be joking†, the pioneer took a gander at me actually truly and stated, â€Å"I am as a rule genuinely perfect†, and that simply made me chuckle. I think he intended to state, â€Å"I am in effect impeccably serious†, however got befuddled. The pioneer at that point got me and stated, â€Å"give me i10 now†, he was distinctly about as tall as me so I kneed him in his crotch and the rest simply chilled out in light of the fact that a security watch had come out to perceive what was happening. The gatekeeper ‘escorted’ the pioneer off the premises and I mean tossed onto one of the islands in the street. There is a tall, red block constructing practically around the bend from my home which used to be the place the nearby police power lived for nothing until it was transformed into a board level. There is a lady called Louise who is around 40 years of age and has an issue with kids. She is as slim as rake and is about medium stature. Her nose is slanted and she has an appallingly noisy voice like a corroded bicycle chain. She has a gallery returning out of the of her home which she gets a kick out of the chance to use for taking pictures of individuals passing particularly kids. At the point when we make commotion she comes out and begins going on about how we are making a lot of clamor, and afterward we stand up to her about taking pictures of us she just goes calm and crawls off unobtrusively like the snake that she is. Simply last Sunday she came out and beginning having a go at us; however when we began standing up to her about taking pictures of us she said she’d even take recordings of us; we just said yet that’s unlawful, she said so is commotion unsettling influence; at that point I said â€Å"but which one do you believe is more serious†, at which she just strolled off and I shouted toward her â€Å"I thought so! â€Å". She wears very trampy garments and she most likely just has one bit of clean dress in as long as she can remember. Around my territory there are a ton of children who meander around searching for children to mug, however I know them so they don’t attempt to mug me. Anyway when I was in first year there was a few children that I didn’t realize attempting to mug individuals, and once I was on my path home from school and I more likely than not appeared as though a correct numbskull with my catholic student uniform all perfect and clean. They were strolling on the opposite roadside and I saw them take a gander at me at that point go across the street towards me; so I went across the way to where they had been. They were then behind me and had turned around and begun strolling rapidly towards me; presently you have go to recollect that I was a little first year so I couldn’t fend off two 16+year olds, so I began running, they began running, I got a move on did as well, they, I was coming up to Tesco’s now so I ran through the back route through the vehicle leave into the store up to the principal floor and out through the primary floor exit. As I went down the steps I could see them through the 12ft high windows looking for me running through the walkways so I began running over the huge 6 path street to my home. As I adjusted the corner I saw them come out the primary passage, point towards me and begin running, so I just ran to my home and got past the front entryway in record time. I opened two entryways in around 6 seconds. As I said before I consider Earls Court like a little town; a little town with its own high road with each shop its own film and even its own field and park. Be that as it may, with little towns there comes issues. On Thursday mornings there are heaps of dark canister packs trusting that the container men will come and remove them; it

The Civil War Essays (681 words) - Slavery, , Term Papers

The Civil War The common war was doubly deplorable on the grounds that it was totally pointless. Subjugation had been finished in different countries with the stroke of a pen, but then in the forceful United States the nation was eager to do battle over the issue of whether subjection ought to remain. The southerners felt that it was their protected option to possess slaves and didn't see when they ought to be required to surrender that right. Be that as it may, upon the appointment of Lincoln as President, the southerners felt compromised, and felt their slave holding rights were being undermined, and with an end goal to ensure these rights they decided to withdraw from the association. The northerners and Lincoln saw the significance of keeping up an assembled nation, set out to bring back the withdrew states. Along these lines the Civil War started. During the common war 970, 227 Americans were either murdered or injured, this number was outperformed by just World War II. While the common war initially started as a journey to take the southern states back to the association. Be that as it may, the objective of the war did before long change to that of annulment. While the war may have appeared to be important to the fighters and governments who were taking an interest, by and large it was superfluous. In three separate European nations, servitude had been nullified before the American Civil War, and each without arms being raised. Bondage had been nullified in Britain in 1838, Sweden in 1848, and in Holland in 1863. It in reality could have likewise been annulled in the United States. Be that as it may, the southerners, who were reliant on the slave organization, would not surrender their entitlement to claim slaves without any problem. Had the South been all the more logically figuring numerous lives would have been spared and blood need not have been shed for the sake of bondage. This is especially evident provided that the south had surrendered their entitlement to free work (servitude), they would have before long gotten the endowment of mechanical work. In reality they may have benefitted more from the utilization of the machines which were destined to be created, as they didn't require lodging, and food. Be that as it may, the southerners were profoundly established in their foundation of subjugation and were set up to do battle over their sentiments. During this war the combat zones were changed into ruins where during the term of the war 634,703 association troopers were slaughtered or injured, and 335,524 confederate officers were executed or injured. In fact this was the second most extraordinary war second to World War II. In the common war 3,846 officers from both the association armed force and the confederate armed force were killed every long stretch of battling. This plainly shows the power of the fight and the solid will which drove the two sides to keep battling even with such calamity. The monetary weight suffered by the two sides was cosmic for the timespan. The association power spent a consolidated 3.2 billion dollars which regarding current cash esteems is 27.3 billion dollars. The alliance burned through two billion or 17.1 billion dollars. This is the cost the two sides were happy to pay for the sake of bondage. The North and South did battle over the issue of subjugation and persevered through an extraordinary cost regarding human lives, and cash. They could anyway have followed the case of Britain, Sweden, and Holland and basically transferred ownership of the organization of subjugation and spared a large number of lives, and billions in dollars. Be that as it may, the south was excessively profoundly established in the foundation of bondage, and when the Emancipation Proclamation came which liberated the slaves they despite everything regarded them as they did previously, regularly outside of as far as possible. Much after the fourteenth amendment which legitimately made ethnic minorities American residents, there were solid racial and biased sentiments which spun out of control in the south, for instance the KKK, and Jim Crow Laws, and education tests for the option to cast a ballot. African Americans persevered through these hardships for quite a long time to come, without a doubt unti l the social liberties development in the twentieth century.

Best College Campuses

Best College Campuses August 8 Claremont McKenna College topped Business Insiders best college campus ranking. Business Insider has put out a ranking of the best college campuses. Since there arent enough college rankings, we figured wed share their findings. As to the methodology behind the best college campus ranking, Business Insider states: There was no discernible connection between the colleges that came out on top, as they represented everything from Ivy League universities to small liberal arts colleges to technical schools. Perhaps more telling of the lists diversity is that each one of our top five schools came from a different area of the country.  Our list does include half of the Ivy League schools and three of the five Claremont Colleges, including our top ranked school — Claremont McKenna College. Although Claremont McKenna didnt rank as #1 or #2 in any category, it placed high in several, including  Best Quality of Life,  Best Career Services, and  Great Financial Aid. So which universities make the top twenty? Going from twentieth to first, heres the list: Stanford University, Pomona College, Kansas State University, Sweet Briar  College, United States Military Academy, Wheaton College, Dartmouth College, Southern Methodist University, Yale University, Scripps College, Princeton University, Washington University in St. Louis, Columbia University, Pennsylvania State University, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Rice University, Whitman College, Bowdoin College, andClaremont McKenna College. So in Business Insiders top twenty are four Ivy League colleges Dartmouth, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia. Other highly selective colleges that made the list include Stanford, Pomona, West Point, Scripps, Wash U, Rice, Bowdoin, and that Claremont McKenna. What do you think about this particular college ranking? Were curious to hear your thoughts so post a Comment below! While youre here, curious to read about haunted college campuses? Why not, right?

“Estimated to be diagnosed in 1 of every 8 women in their...

â€Å"Estimated to be diagnosed in 1 of every 8 women in their lifetime, breast cancer continues to present a public health concern (Haber 2322)†. Breast cancer is not biased. It affects men and women of all races and ages. â€Å"Cancer represents 30% of the burden posed by no communicable diseases in the Region of the Americas of the World Health Organization (Luciani, Silvana 640)†. In men it affects less than 1 percent of the population. Routine mammograms and checkups are not only healthy but can also save lives. Giving the doctor thirty minutes of your time could ultimately mean the difference between life and death in some cases. Many people think if they do not feel any lumps in their breasts there is nothing to worry about. That is not†¦show more content†¦Mammograms are probably the most important tool doctors have in diagnosing breast cancer. Although they do not prevent one from acquiring breast cancer, it does help diagnosing as early as possible. â€Å"Mammography has a false-negative (missed cancer) rate of at least 10 percent (Wikipedia)†. Mammograms rarely miss cancerous cells. That of which they do miss is because of the density in the breast. A false negative is more common among younger women due to the fact that younger woman have more density in their breasts. There are four different categories found by mammograms: 1. easily treated cancers. 2. aggressive cancers that are detected too late. 3. slow-growing cancers that ultimately will not harm or kill a patient before natural causes do, and 4. a small number of cancers who treatment outcome is better because of early detection. Mammograms will help to find all kinds of cancers that are undetectable by self-examinations. Women from their twenties to thirties should get a mammogram every three years while women forty years old and older should get annual checkups (unless there is an issue that is found, which will usually cause checkups to be every 3 to 6 months). Annual checkups can help detect cancer early on, which in return would have less severe results. â€Å"Even for women 50+, skipping a mammogram every other year would miss up to 30% of cancers (mammography)†. The benefits and risks of mammography differ by age. InShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Mammograms And Self Examinations1465 Words   |  6 Pages The Diagnosis It was a cold day in Utah and I was on my way to the Salt Lake City Regional Hospital for my yearly mammogram. I have no history of breast cancer in my family but I still worried about it, especially after watching my best friend go through treatment. My appointment was in the afternoon so I had to leave work early. My husband offered to go with me and give me moral support since these appointments always scare me. I had a feeling something was wrong and I knew deep down the outcomeRead MoreRisk Factors Of Breast Exams And Mammograms722 Words   |  3 PagesExams and Mammograms.† In this project, I found two peer-reviewed articles about the cultural barriers (and how to overcome them) between mammograms and Asian American women. These articles taught me how to better approach our audience and influenced the way I edited the sections, â€Å"What is Breast Cancer?† and â€Å"Risk Factors of Breast Cancer† to cater to our demographic. In addition, I found three more peer reviewed articles about breast cancer prevention, screening and diagnostic mammogram screeningsRead MoreWomen Should Have 3d Mammograms1394 Words   |  6 Pages Women Should Have 3D Mammograms Standard Number; 6.4.D Technology has changed drastically over the last several decades; for instance, telephones have gone from rotary style with party lines to individual wireless phones the size of your palm. Similarly, mammograms have gone through a transformation due to technological advances. In the past, mammograms were performed by compressing breast tissue, and a series of 2D pictures were taken. This process took a long time and was very painful and uncomfortableRead MoreMammograms: Powerful Breast Cancer Essay885 Words   |  4 Pages{text:bookmark-start} Mammograms {text:bookmark-end} Mammograms are important to have because it not only affects women over 40, but it affects young and men also. A mammogram (also called a mammography exam) is a safe, low-dose x-ray of the breast. A high-quality mammogram is the most effective tool for detecting breast cancer early. Early detection of breast cancer may allow more treatment options. It could even mean saving your breast or your life. Mammograms a re probably the most important toolRead MoreApplication Of Higher Order : Features On Mammograms Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Higher Order GLCM Features on Mammograms Vrushali Gaike1, Nazneen Akhter1, K.V. Kale1, Prapti Deshmukh2 1Department of Computer Science I.T., Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India. 2M.G.M’s G.Y.Pathrikar college of C.S I.T, Aurangabad, India vrushaliranmalkar@gmail.com, getnazneen@gmail.com, kvkale91@gmail.com, prapti.research@gmail.com Abstract— Photographing the changes in internal breast structure due to formation of masses and microcalcificationRead MoreWhy Are Mammograms Vital For One s Health?1582 Words   |  7 PagesWhy are mammograms vital to one s health? The most important reason why is because mammography detects breast cancer. Around 12% of women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer (BreastCancer.Org, 2016). The most common type of breast cancer is called invasive ductal carcinoma. This type of breast cancer is found in 80% of women (BreastCancer.Org, 2015). Invasive ductal carcinoma remains to be a serious problem for men and women, and here is why. This type of breast cancerRead MoreThe Effects Of Mammograms And How They Can Save Their Lives1286 Words   |  6 Pagesage to get mammograms would drop to the age of 50 instead of 40? According to Ph.D. Diana Zuckerman and Ph.D. Anna E. Mazzucco, this is what the â€Å"U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends† on doing (Zuckerman, Mazzucco 1). This is a big change in women in that, now women may feel more comfortable with the idea of getting mammograms done, but at a later age. Mammograms have been used for some time now and they have proven to help save lives of women. People might argue that mammograms are notRead MoreWhile Having Regular Mammograms Every Two Years Does Not749 Words   |  3 PagesWhile having regular mammograms every two years does not guarantee you will not get cancer, it may however detect the disease early. Cancer screening makes sense; identify and treat cancer before you know it’s there. The theory behind this is to catch cancer in t he initial stages and it will be more curable. This in turn, reduces deaths due to the disease. Nurse Practitioner Veneta Masson, author of â€Å"Why I don’t Get Mammograms† argues the topic of how routine mammograms don’t save lives. MassonRead MoreComputer Aided Mammograms And Trans Atlantic Data Transfer Privacy1726 Words   |  7 PagesComputer-Aided Mammograms and Trans-Atlantic Data Transfer Privacy Garrett Gutierrez CSE 485: Capstone I #80015 12:00 PM - 1:15 PM Introduction: As new technologies emerge, they cause new and surprising impacts on the world, which shape how people experience life. Yet, these advancements in computing and engineering may have some negative consequences. Thus, they become controversial issues. Two recent issues in the computing and engineering field are the effectiveness of computer-aided mammograms in theRead MorePolicy Argument : The Policy Of The New Guidelines On Mammograms And Children And Guns816 Words   |  4 Pagesreasoning framing policy problems, which arise at all stages of the policy delivery process. The two policy maps will analyze the pros and cons of the new guidelines on mammograms and children and guns. Mammograms New guidelines recently issued recommend that women with an average risk of breast cancer start having mammograms at the age 45 and continue having them until they reach the age of 54. Then after the age of 54 every other year for as long as they are healthy and likely to live another

A Healthy Individual s Immune System - 1088 Words

Definition A healthy individual’s immune system is able to combat pathogens, bacteria, infections and viruses that he or she may encounter on a daily basis. This becomes much harder for the individual once he or she is infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015) defines HIV as a virus that attacks the immune system. The immune system is the body’s natural ability to protect itself against infections and diseases (CDC, 2015). When the immune system is damaged, the human body loses the ability to fight off disease and infections (CDC, 2015). The HIV virus is different from other viruses due to the fact that once the HIV virus enters the human body; the immune system could†¦show more content†¦283). Furthermore, if a person refuses to seek treatment for HIV he or she will eventually develop an immunocompromised system due to the fact that the count of CD4 cells will be reduced drastically (CDC, 2015). As a result of this action, the individual is more susceptible to becoming infected with other infections or infection-related cancers due to the low count of T-cells (Chereshnev et al., 2013, p. 283). Chereshnev et al., (2013) list some of the diseases that correlate with a low count of CD4 cells and these are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cancer such as lymphoma, and herpes viruses (p. 283). Etiology The CDC (2015) states that scientists have identified the source where HIV first originated. Sharp, P. M., and Hahn B. H. (2011) state that a type of chimpanzee located in Central Africa is the source of HIV (p. 2). Sharp et al. (2011) explain that this chimpanzee is infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (p.2). SIV found in these chimpanzees is biologically similar to the HIV found in human beings (Sharp et al., 2011). Therefore, SIV is believed to have been transmitted to human by cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to infected blood when hunters would go bushmeat hunting these chimpanzees as a source of food (Sharp et al., 2011, p. 10). Once these hunters became infected with SIV through contaminated blood from the chimpanzees, SIV mutated in the human body into what we know today as HIV (Sharp et al., 2011, p. 10). Sharp et al., (2011)

Business Law Gratuitous Consideration

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Gratuitous Consideration. Answer: 1(a): Jane had gone abroad and he gave his care to Jack as a gift. Jack immediately agreed to the offer made to him. Jane was the offeror and Jack was the offeree. The car that was offered by Jane to Jack was of 25000 dollars. The problem that shall be discussed in answer 1 (a) relates to an enforceable contract between them. To bring into life a contract, necessary elements have to be fulfilled. A contract remains unenforceable unless the requisite elements of a legitimate agreement are fulfilled. Consideration is one of the most important elements of a valid contract (McKendrick, 2014). Consideration means exchange of something either in cash or in kind in return of execution of contract. A contract that has no provision of consideration is no contract, meaning an agreement without consideration is void, unenforceable and no one can be sued in the Court for this (Hillman, 2012). Thus, it may be said that when a contract has gratuitous consideration it is not enforceable in the opinion of law. A gratuitous consideration is merely a gift and it becomes not enforceable in the Court (Knapp, 2013). Hence, in the given case study as well, Jane and Jack have a non-binding contract between them, as consideration between them is absent. The exchange of car that has taken place between them shall not be considere d as a contract rather it will only be considered as exchange of gift, which is gratuitous, by nature. Therefore, Jack and Jane were involved in a contract that could not be enforced in the Court. 1(b): Jane presented her car to Jack on the price of 25000 dollars. The cost of the car otherwise is also 25000 dollars. Jack admitted to the offer. The subject that shall be discussed here relates to the enforceability of the contract between Jane and Jack. The given are the essential requirements, to make a contract enforceable in the Court of Australia: Offer Acceptance Legal competency Consideration (Pui Weele, 2014) Offer is the promise that is made by one party to the contract to the other party of the contract in return of consideration. The consideration is the price that the promisee pays to the promisor at the time of execution of the contract (Landa, 2014). Consideration causes detriment to the promisee and gives advantage to the promisor. Legal competency signifies that the parties to the contract should be of more than 18 years age and sound mind. If a person enters into a contract with an unsound mind or a minor a contract is void. If the above-mentioned essentials are fulfilled the contract may become legally binding and enforceable. In the provided case study, Jack and Jane were part of an agreement in which all the legal formalities were fulfilled. Jane offered, while Jack accepted the offer and the amount of consideration were also fixed up for the amount of 25000 dollars. This means that the authorized ceremony to form a contract was rightfully completed by them that are, offer, acceptance and consideration. Moreover, the contract does not seem to be induced by fraud, coercion or misrepresentation. Existence of elements such as fraud or coercion makes a contract voidable at the option of the party to the contract (Hillman, 2012). Therefore, Jack and Jack were part of an enforceable and valid contract being that all the legal formalities were fulfilled. 1(c): Jane being the offeror sells his car to Jack for the amount of 2500 dollars. The cost of the car otherwise was 25000 dollars. Jack readily accepted the offer of Jane. The topic that shall be discussed in answer 1 (c) is sufficiency of consideration. According to the standard rule of contract law, there is lack of boundaries with regard to consideration if all the requirements of the contract are duly followed. We all know that an agreement in which there is no consideration is not enforceable. Nevertheless, the question that is discussed in relation to consideration is about its sufficiency. It is the promisor, who calculates the sum of consideration and wants the sum of consideration from the promisee. The promisor calculates keeping in mind the current value of his service or product (Hillman, 2012). The reason why the offeror does most of the calculation is that, it is the offeror who shall receive the amount of consideration in return or exchange of the service or the product that he has offered (Niu, 2015). The offeree has the liberty of bargaining the amount of consideration if he feels that the amount is not sufficient or feasible. As per law, sufficient consideration means a consideration that is of some value in the opi nion of law and is normal for both the parties to the contract (Andrews, 2016). In the milestone issue of Chappel v. Nestle, the Judge held that a peppercorn is regarded as valuable and sufficient as long as the promisor is fine with it. A consideration that is valid and valuable and is sufficient if the promisor has done the necessary calculations then the consideration may be deemed as sufficient. Therefore, consideration is an imposition of a proviso to the promisor and a consideration is deemed as valid if it is not against law. Additionally, it also important to be noted, that the consideration should be of some value in the opinion of law and should not be a mere illusion (Chen-Wishart, 2012). In the given case study, the price of consideration was 2500 dollars and the price of consideration may be regarded as sufficient as Jane being the offeror is fine with the price of consideration. Jane calculated the amount of consideration. Hence, the agreement of which the parties to the contract were Jane and Jack was enforceable. 2: The buyer and the builder were parties to a contract in behalf of North Ocean Tankers. As per the agreement, the consideration was in dollars containing no provision of currency fluctuation. While the builder was halfway on its manufacture of the ship, the price of the dollars was diminished by ten percent. The builder realized that he was making loss in the contract and because of the loss in the amount he stopped working. The builder demanded for the amount that it lagged and it further stated that he would not complete the work unless he is paid the extra amount as consideration. The buyer was ready to pay in excess of the initial price decided. However, on a later date the buyer bought an action against the builder for recovery of the amount he paid in excess. The issue that shall be discussed in answer 2 relating to the contract is whether the purchaser will be able to recover the amount he paid in excess to the builder. The meaning of consideration is benefit, the benefit that the promisor obtains by the promisee at his detriment. The best manner to make a agreement enforceable is by way of having clause containing consideration. A mere promise is not enforceable in the opinion of law and it becomes invalid (Hunter, 2015). This was elucidated in the example of Currie v. Misa and it was held that a consideration could become enforceable only if it is valuable and has some right that benefits the other party to the contract (Eisenberg, 2014). In Stilk v. Myrick, the ship was on voyage to London wherein two sailors decided to abandon the ship. The captain of the ship told to his remaining sailors that he would share the salaries if they continued with the voyage. It was seen on a later date, that the Captain did not keep his guarantee (Bix Bix, 2012). The Court in the case of Hartley v. Ponsoby opined that a promise to pay extra money becomes enforceable only if it has involvement of some kind of lawf ul advantage (Poole, 2012). In the milestone decision of Universe Tankships Inc of Monrovia v. International Transport Workers Federation, the claimant paid extra amount to the defendant when he wanted his money at the time of constructing the tankships. Sometime later in the future the claimant sued the defendant for recovering the extra amount he gave to the defendant. In this case, the court held that the defendant used duress and warned the plaintiff that if he failed to pay the money to the plaintiff he would stop working on the tankships (Hillman, 2012). Thus, the defendant paid the amount to the plaintiff. Since there was use of economic duress to receive the amount of consideration from the plaintiff, the Court ordered that the plaintiff should receive the amount he paid in excess to the defendant. The defendant lost in his claim (Murray, 2014). In the case of Williams v. Roffey Bros and Nicholas (Contractors) Ltd, an agreement survived between the contractor and the sub contractor. The amount of consideration that was formed between them 20,000 pounds. The service on which the contract was based was carpentry. The subcontractor was in the middle of his construction when he realized that the consideration amount is not enough for him and he asked the additional amount from the main contractor. The main contractor agreed to pay the extra amount of consideration to the sub contractor when he asked for it, as he was afraid that he might be penalised for the same. Soon after, the primary contractor filed a case against the sub contractor for receiving the amount in surplus of the original consideration amount. The principal contractor succeeded as the Court decided that the contract between them was an outcome of economic duress making the contract void (DiMatteo Hogg, 2016). Similarly, in the given case study of the shipbuilder and the buyer, there were many chances that the buyer may be penalised if he delayed in the delivery of the tanker. The construction of the tanker was midway. This case involved the application of doctrine of consideration and economic duress. Two agreements were established between the builder and the buyer. One contract depended on the initial amount of consideration while the second contract depended on the extra amount that the buyer paid to the builder. The initial contract that was formed had no proviso for currency fluctuations (Hillman, 2012). The Court in the case of Universe Tankships and Williams held that a contract which is induced by economic duress shall not be enforceable in the opinion of law and the plaintiff will have to pay extra amount amount that he made the defendant pay him by using economic duress. In the same way, the plaintiff may also file a suit for recovery of the amount that he paid in excess of the decided agreement (Hillman, 2012). Presence of economic duress makes an agreement void if the plaintiff is able to prove successfully that the contract was induced by the use of economic duress and that he lacked in availing other options as his recourse. The term duress means threat or application of threat to force the other party to form a contract. A contract is deemed voidable if any one of the parties has used economic duress for formation of contract. The word economic duress means use of threat involving some kind of monetary transaction. In the famous case of Siboen, it was decided by the Privy Council that if a contract involves usage of duress for monetary transaction it shall be taken as void making the consideration doctrine not applicable (Landa, 2014. Thus, it may be held in the case of North Ocean Tankers as well that the use of economic duress makes the contract void as it leads to existence of two contracts. The initial contract contains the initial amount of consideration while the second contract involves the use of economic duress making the contract void. Thus, it may be held that the buyer has the right to file a suit for recovery for the amount that he paid in excess to the shipbuilder. References: Andrews, N. (2016). Sources and General Principles of English Contract Law. InArbitration and Contract Law(pp. 165-175). Springer International Publishing. Ayres, I. (2012).Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Bix, B., Bix, B. H. (2012).Contract law: rules, theory, and context. 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